|
''E pluribus unum'' (; )—Latin for "Out of many, one"〔〔 (alternatively translated as "One out of many" or "One from many")〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=E Pluribus Unum )〕—is a phrase on the Seal of the United States, along with ''Annuit cœptis'' (Latin for "He/she/it approves (has approved) of the undertakings") and ''Novus ordo seclorum'' (Latin for "New Order of the Ages"), and adopted by an Act of Congress in 1782.〔 〕 Never codified by law, ''E Pluribus Unum'' was considered a ''de facto'' motto of the United States until 1956 when the United States Congress passed an act (H. J. Resolution 396), adopting "In God we trust" as the official motto. ==Origins== The motto was suggested in 1776 by Pierre Eugene du Simitiere to the committee responsible for developing the seal. At the time of the American Revolution, the exact phrase appeared prominently on the title page of every issue of a popular periodical, ''The Gentleman's Magazine'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Chronicle )〕 which collected articles from ''many'' sources into ''one'' "magazine". This in turn can be traced back to the London-based Huguenot Peter Anthony Motteux, who used the adage for his ''The Gentleman's Journal, or the Monthly Miscellany'' (1692-1694). The phrase is similar to a Latin translation of a variation of Heraclitus's 10th fragment, "The one is made up of all things, and all things issue from the one." A variant of the phrase was used in Moretum, a poem attributed to Virgil but with the actual author unknown, describing (on the surface at least) the making of ''moretum'', a kind of herb and cheese spread related to modern pesto. In the poem text, ''color est e pluribus unus'' describes the blending of colors into one. St Augustine used the non-truncated variant of the phrase, ''ex pluribus unum'', in his ''Confessions'' (''e'' is an abbreviation for the common Latin preposition ''ex''). While ''Annuit cœptis'' and ''Novus ordo seclorum'' appear on the reverse side of the great seal, ''E pluribus unum'' appears on the obverse side of the seal (Designed by Charles Thomson), the image of which is used as the national emblem of the United States, and appears on official documents such as passports. It also appears on the seal of the President and in the seals of the Vice President of the United States, of the United States Congress, of the United States House of Representatives, of the United States Senate and on the seal of the United States Supreme Court. It is on the five dollar bill. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「e pluribus unum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|